Nikon D200 Digital Camera runs with the support of one Lithium-ion rechargeable battery. You can take number of stills and print outs. This cute handset is introduced by the company called Nikon. Its actual dimensions are measured as 14.7 cm x 7.4 cm 11.3 cm (width x depth x height). As the handy device is portable and lightweight which weighs about 0.8 kilo grams, you can carry to any where you go.

Display screen

1. The display screen produced in the unit is built-in form factor.
2. It is made of LCD TFT active matrix technology.
3. The digital camera has a colour display screen with the size of 2.5 inches.

Important parts of the cameras

You can get eye catchy colourful images in this digital camera. Its ’shooting speed’ feature can continuously take 5 frames per second. On LCD display, it give the information such as shutter speed, aperture, remote control indicator, picture resolution, exposure compensation, metering mode, flash mode, self-timer mode, film speed, white balance indicators, battery condition, auto-focus mode, red eye reduction, etc.

CCD type optical sensor is used in this device which has the size of 15.8 x 23.6 millimetres. The maximum resolution produced in the digital camera is 10.2 mega-pixels. JPEG, RAW + JPEG, NEF (RAW) supports the still image format. Types of white balance supports the unit are custom, automatic, and presets.

Flash memory

You can make use of flash memory cards to store pictures in it. The type of flash memory card used in the digital camera is Compact-Flash and Micro-drive Cards. These cards can be removed and replaced when it is required by the user.

Viewfinder

Nikon D200 Digital Camera comes with automatic frame viewfinder feature. This camera uses optical type viewfinder for fixed eye-level penta-prism.

Lens system

Lens system has auto focus feature to adjust the lens automatically. It has 11 auto focus points.

Flash modes

Your cute handy camera comes with pop-up flash facility. It has feature like AF illuminator, flash +/- compensation. Flash modes provided are fill-in mode, slow synchro, auto mode, flash off mode, red-eye reduction.

Connections

Types of connectors needed for your camera are one composite output and one remote control and one USB (Universal Serial Bus). Expansion slot are used for connecting I/II type compact-flash card.

Accessories

To make you more happy with its advanced technology Nikon D200 Digital Camera comes with additional features such as auto power save, DPOF support, display brightness control, Pict-Bridge support, GPS ready, direct print, USB 2.0 compatibility, AE lock , AF lock, FE lock, etc. Digital camera comes with Hot Shoe and PC flash terminals. It has self-delay timer up to 20 seconds.

A few other camera reviews that you may be interested in

• Nikon Coolpix 3100 Digital Camera Review
• Nikon Coolpix 5200 Camera Reviews
• Acer Digital Cameras
• Olympus µ[MJU:] 760 Digital Camera
• Reviews on Pentax Optio A30 Digital Camera

Canon digital camera is introduced by the well known company called Canon. It comes with 10.1 mega-pixels which supports the unit for high performance. Canon EOS 400D Digital Camera is supported with CMOS sensor and DIGIC II Image processor. It is integrated with EOS cleaning system including a self cleaning sensor unit and the body of the product is strong enough and is lightweight.

Display feature

1. Display of the unit is made with colour LCD TFT active matrix technology. The size of the display screen is 2.5 inches.

Lens Systems

1. The lens system has TTL phase detection which supports ‘Auto-focus’ feature.
2. The digital camera has an ‘Aspherical lens’ feature.
3. The focal length of the lens is 18mm to 55 millimetres.
4. The focal length can be adjusted either by automatically or manually.
5. The lens aperture is F/3.5-5.6 and the minimum focus range is up to 28 millimetres.
6. The handy device has 3x optical zoom feature. This zoom is adjusted manually.

Other features

1. The continuous shooting speed of the digital camera is 3 frames per second.
2. It is provided with CMOS type optical sensor.
3. The shooting mode on which the user can take shots are landscape, portrait mode, close-up, night portrait, sports mode.
4. Your digital camera has special effects such as neutral, faithful, monochrome.
5. Canon EOS 400D Digital Camera can support the still image format such as JPEG, RAW, RAW + JPEG.
6. The white balance supports Custom, automatic and presets modes.
7. Memory used in this digital camera is Compact-Flash and Micro-Drive. This flash memory can be removed after the use and also reinstalled when required.
8. ‘Viewfinder’ is a feature which helps to read the process on LCD display. The information displayed on the LCD screen are shutter speed, flash charge completion, red-eye-reduction, white balance, exposure mode, aperture, AE lock, and exposure compensation.
9. Your compact designed device has auto-focus frame viewfinder feature.
10. Optical-eye-level mirror penta-prism is used in this digital camera for viewfinder.
11. Canon’s Digital camera has comes with ‘Pop-up flash’ feature.
12. The flash modes available in the device are Fill-in mode, auto mode, flash OFF mode and red-eye-reduction.
13. Canon EOS 400D Digital Camera work with Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery which has 720 mAh (milliampere hour) power output.
14. Other special features supported by the device includes USB 2.0 compatibility, RGB primary colour filter, auto power save, DPOF support, direct print, Pict-Bridge etc.
15. ‘Self timer delay’ feature which helps the user to set time up to 10 second.
16. Dimensions: Width x Depth x Height (12.7 cm x 6.5 cm x 9.4 cm). Your cute digital camera is lightweight product which weighs about 0.51 kg.
    Other comparable Reviews
    1. Canon Ixus 50 Digital Camera
    2. Canon EOS350D Digital SLR Camera
    3. Reviews on HP Digital Cameras
    4. Konica Minolta Dimage X50 Digital Camera Review
    5. Nikon Coolpix 2000 Digital Camera Review

Konica Digital Revio KD-310Z Digital Camera is a compactly designed device manufactured by Konica Company in the UK. It includes technical features such as ’self timer’, white balance’, flash modes’, ‘lens aperture’, ‘optical viewfinder’, ‘optical zoom’, etc. Here are a few specifications of the device.

1. Konica Digital Revio KD-310Z Digital Camera comes with resolution of 3.0 mega-pixels.
2. The user can expect colour image, as the unit supports colour.
3. Optical sensor available in this unit is CCD (charge-coupled device). It comes with size of 1/1.8 inches.
4. Digital camera comes in-built with a screen display which is made of LCD TFT active matrix. The size of the LCD screen display is 1.5 inch.
5. Two type of zoom feature is available in this digital camera, one is digital zoom of 2x and the other is optical zoom of 3x. This feature enables the image to enlarge.
6. Its shooting modes are such as frame movie mode, landscape and macro.
7. Special effects of the unit are Black & White and Sepia.
8. It has the minimum shutter speed of 1 second and its maximum shutter speed is 1/2000 seconds.
9. ‘White balance’ feature supports automatic mode and presets mode in Konica Digital Camera.
10. The video feature can accept AVI format in the Konica Digital Revio KD-310Z Digital Camera. It has the capacity to create resolution of 320 to 240 pixels both horizontally and vertically.
11. Still images are stored in JPEG file format.
12. The unit comes with one flash memory feature which has the capacity to store up to 16 MB.
13. Flash memory card supported in this device are Memory Stick, Multi-Media-Card and SD Memory Card.
14. Flash modes provided in this digital camera are fill-in mode, slow synchro, auto mode, flash off mode, red-eye reduction mode.
15. The flash modes have effective range of up to 0.5 metre to 3.5 metres.
16. Its lens system has automatic focus adjustment with it focal length of 8 mm to 24 mm.
17. It lens aperture is f/2.8 to 4.9. Lens aperture is nothing but a small opening which allows light to enter in.
18. Digital camera includes additional feature like ‘auto power save’, ‘date/time stamp’, DPOF support, ‘AE/FE lock’, and ‘display brightness control’.
19. ‘Self timer delay’ is a feature which delays the action of tacking shots for 3 to 10 seconds.
20. This device consisted of optical type viewfinder which comes with automatic viewfinder frames.
21. Its connection requires one USB connector and has expansion slot for SD Memory Card, and Memory Stick.
22. Konica Digital Revio KD-310Z Digital Camera its operating system supports :

    1. MS Windows XP
    2. MS Windows MS
    3. MS Windows 2000
    4. MS Windows ME

23. This device is powered with Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery.
24. Dimensions measured are (W) 9.4 cm x (D) 3 cm x (H) 5.6 cm. It weighs about 0.2 kilo grams.

Other related reviews

• Konica Minolta Dimage X60 Digital Camera Review
• Konica Minolta Dimage A2 Digital Camera
• Pentax Digital Cameras
• Reviews on Epson L-500V Digital Camera
• Sanyo DSC S1 Camera Reviews

Panasonic a reputed company in the UK has manufactured many electronic devices including the latest digi cams. Panasonic Lumix DMC-TZ3 Digital Camera is introduced by Panasonic that comes incorporated with a series of advanced features that delivers high quality images. The product is added with features like shooting programmes, digital zoom 4x, white balance, auto focus, optical zoom 10x, flash modes, etc. your favourite camera is a lightweight product which weighs about 232 grams.

1. Panasonic unit comes with sensor resolution of 7.2 mega-pixels.
2. CCD (Charged-Couple Device) type optical sensor is used in this device. The size of the optical sensor is 1/2.35 inches.
3. Zoom types provided in the unit are 4x digital zoom and 10x optical zoom. This feature enables you to enlarge the size of the images.
4. List of the various shooting modes are given such as :

   1. Pet mode
   2. Sunset mode
   3. Candle mode
   4. Fireworks mode
   5. Scenery mode
   6. Portrait mode
   7. Night Mode
   8. High sensitivity mode
   9. Sport mode

5. Special effects available in this unit are: Cool, warm, sepia, vivid, neutral, black & white.
6. Custom, automatic and presets are the three type of white balance modes in this digital cameras.
7. Digital camera’s still image format is supported by JPEG.
8. The Panasonic Lumix DMC-TZ3 Digital Camera has the ability to support Quick Time format to take digital video.
9. Zoom lens supports a focal length of 4.6 to 46 millimetres.
10. It comes with 9 (nine) focus zones and its lens aperture is F/3.3-4.6. It comes with motorize zoom adjusting lens system.
11. The camera has built-in flash modes such as: auto mode, fill-in mode, flash off mode and slow synchro and red-eye reduction.
12. The effect of the flash range is 0.6 to 4.2 metre.
13. Digital camera is provided with coloured LCD TFT active matrix display screen which has the resolution of 230 pixels.
14. SD Memory Card is used in this Panasonic Lumix DMC-TZ3 Digital Camera to store the images. This flash memory card can be easily removed and replaced.
15. It has self timer delay feature which sets delay time up to 10 seconds.
16. Digital camera comes with microphone facility.
17. The total size of the product is 104 mm x 58 mm x 3 mm (width x height x depth).

Digital cameras use different methods to capture the image depending on the type of image sensors and colour filters. As the image sensors are only capable of recording the intensity of light (i.e. brightness or darkness), digital cameras use colour filters to produce a full colour image. Thus, digital cameras use the combination of sensors and filters in different ways to record the image.

Capturing the brightness of image
What happens, when the shutter opens (though in fractions of a second) and light enters through the aperture? The light falls on CCD sensor whose pixels (in fact they are light sensitive diodes) convert the light into electrically charged particles. Each pixel, depending upon the brightness of the light that falls on it, becomes charged with different magnitude.  Brighter the light highly electrically charged it becomes. In other words, pixels that record the brighter portion of the image are highly charged while the pixels that record the darker areas of the image will be less electrically charged.  Thus, the image is wholly converted into electrons of various magnitudes on a CCD sensor.

Capturing the colours of image
The image sensor in a digital camera records only the brightness of the image in a series of various intensities. To produce a wide range of colours, the digital camera uses filters when the sensor is exposed to the light (image). The principle behind the colours dates back to the late nineteenth century, when James Maxwell discovered that a full colour photograph can be formed by using three filters of primary colours – red, green and blue. To recreate the natural colour tones of the image, all one has to do is to capture the image using these colour filters in quick succession and put them together on a screen or a print. Digital camera uses the same principle to capture colours, however, it differs from a conventional camera by the way it captures the image.

Single exposure of image sensor to the subject
Some digital cameras use single-shot method, in other words, the sensor is exposed to the image only once. To produce colours, two mehods are used – one way is to use three individual sensors of red, green and red and another way is to use a single sensor with a Bayer filter which has all the primary colours (RGB).

The first method uses beam splitter which splits the light and makes it pass through image sensors of the primary colours (RGB). The Image captured using this method usually will have more vivid, very precise colours and some of the high-end cameras use this type of image capturing.  However, these cameras usually come in bulky models and with very high price tags.
 
The second method is better suited to compact digital cameras. This method uses a single sensor and a colour filter which is placed over it. This colour filter (mostly Bayer filter) helps to produce all natural colours that make up the image. The Bayer filter mosaic is a colour filter array (CFA) made up of red, blue, and green filters each sitting on every pixel or photosite of the sensor. CFA will usually have more green elements as half of the array is made up of it. Red and blue will constitute 25% each. According to this Bayer filtering method, each pixel will represent only one colour of the primary colours (i.e. RGB) and all the pixels need to be interpolated to produce the complete colour details of the image. For interpolation or deducing the complete colour information of each pixel and to produce the full image, a set of demosaicing algorithms are used by a digital camera. The raw data provided by the Bayer filters produce a jpeg or Tiff file depending on the type of demosaicing algorithm used.

Multiple exposures of image sensor to the subject
In some digital cameras, the sensor is exposed to the subject (image) three or more times in succession. Most multi-shot cameras use a single sensor with RGB filters which move over the sensor to get the colour values of each pixel so that the image with true colours can be captured. In another variation, a CCD sensor and a Bayer colour move on the plane where the image is focused to produce sharper picture quality. Apart from these two methods, some digital methods use a hybrid of the two methods, however, the Bayer filter is generally not used.

Scanning technique
This is another method used by digital cameras to capture the image. Here, the sensor scans over the plane where the image is focused. Most sensors used in this type of cameras are either linear or tri-linear which scan a single or three arrays each representing a colour of RGB. Some digital cameras use advanced scanning technique and the camera is rotated while scanning over the focal plane. These cameras usually much more picture details (resolution) than other cameras.

Kodak Linear CCD sensor

When comparing these different techniques of image capturing, multi-shot (multiple exposure of the sensor) and scanning methods offer much better quality in terms of resolution and colour information than a simple single shot technique. Hence, most high-end cameras used for professional use adopt multi-shot and scanning technique while a single shot technique produces decent image quality for amateur use.